The Mughal Empire had controlled much of India for centuries, but it went into decline in the 18th century. From the mid-18th century, the EIC steadily took more and more control of the subcontinent. The English East India Company was granted a royal charter by Queen Elizabeth I which allowed trade monopoly with eastern countries including Sumatra, Java, and India.
The territories governed by the East India Company were divided into three major administrative regions: Madras Presidency in the south, Bombay Presidency in the west, and Bengal Presidency in the east. Each of the three presidencies under East India Company governance issued their own coins until a unified coinage throughout all territories was introduced in 1835.
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